Approximating total stock market: Difference between revisions
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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' shows how funds can be combined in order to mimic the composition of the U.S. stock market. | |||
Investors wishing to invest in Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund often face a situation where they have to approximate it with the funds available in their employer sponsored plans and quite possibly some other funds available in other accounts such as a [[Roth IRA]]. | Investors wishing to invest in Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund often face a situation where they have to approximate it with the funds available in their employer sponsored plans and quite possibly some other funds available in other accounts such as a [[Roth IRA]]. | ||
This page shows a few examples of approximating Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund with funds covering specific parts of the market. | This page shows a few examples of approximating Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund with funds covering specific parts of the market. | ||
==Stock market classifications== | |||
===Size=== | |||
Stocks may classified by the size of the corporation. This is most commonly done looking at the market capitalization. [[Market capitalization]] is simply a measurement found by taking a stock's current share price and multiplying it by the number of stock shares outstanding. | |||
Exact market cap ranges will vary among different financial and rating institutions, but there are three different terms commonly used to describe stocks by their general size. | |||
*'''Large capitalization stocks''':<br>Large cap stocks have a market cap over $10 billion. | |||
*'''Mid capitalization stocks''':<br>Mid cap stocks have a market cap between $2 billion and $10 billion. | |||
*'''Small capitalization stocks''':<br>Small cap stocks have a market cap between $300 million and $2 billion. | |||
===Style=== | |||
Stocks may also be classified by "style," either value, blend, or growth. Growth stocks are companies that are growing their profits at a very fast rate and are expected to continue to grow at an increasing rate. Value stocks are stocks that tend to trade at deep discount relative to their intrinsic value (as defined by profits, book value etc.). Common investor perceptions tend to perceive growth stocks as "high flying companies" and value stocks as "distressed companies." | |||
Both growth and value stocks have taken turns leading and lagging one another during different markets and economic conditions. <ref group="note">On the [[Callan periodic table of investment returns]], that visualizes the performance of the different asset classes, one can see the alternating performance of the growth and value stocks.</ref> | |||
{| {{table}} | |||
|+ Table 1. '''Total Market Index Style Box (%)''' | |||
| | |||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Value''' | |||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Blend''' | |||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Growth''' | |||
|- | |||
| align="right" style="background:#f0f0f0;" | '''Large Cap'''||align="center" | LV ||align="center" |LB ||align="center" | LG | |||
|- | |||
| align="right" style="background:#f0f0f0;" |'''Mid Cap'''||align="center" |MV ||align="center" |MB ||align="center" | MG | |||
|- | |||
| align="right" style="background:#f0f0f0;" |'''Small Cap'''||align="center" |SV ||align="center" |SB ||align="center" | SG | |||
|} | |||
==Examples== | ==Examples== | ||
These examples use the nine-box stock style box to show weightings that match the composition of the total US stock market. | |||
{|border=1 cellpadding=7 | {|border=1 cellpadding=7 | ||
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!Morningstar<br>Style Box | !Morningstar<br>Style Box | ||
|- | |- | ||
|100% [https:// | |100% [https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/profile/VTSAX Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund (VTSAX)] | ||
Updated 22 May 2020 | |||
|align="center"| | |align="center"| | ||
{{MStarStylebox|24|24|24|6|6| | {{MStarStylebox|25 | 25 | 26 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2}} | ||
|- | |||
|100% [https://www.ishares.com/us/products/239724/ishares-core-sp-total-us-stock-market-etf iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF (ITOT)] | |||
Updated 17 Jan 2020 | |||
|align="center"| | |||
{{MStarStylebox|24 | 29 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2}} | |||
|- | |||
|100% [https://www.csimfunds.com/public/csim/home/products/exchange_traded_funds/summary.html?symbol=SCHB Schwab U.S. Broad Market ETF (SCHB)] | |||
Updated 17 Jan 2020 | |||
|align="center"| | |||
{{MStarStylebox|24 | 29 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2}} | |||
|- | |||
|84% [https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/profile/VFIAX Vanguard 500 Index Fund (VFIAX)] <br>16% [https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/profile/overview/vexax Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund (VEXAX)] | |||
Updated 17 Jan 2020 | |||
|align="center"| | |||
{{MStarStylebox| 24 | 29 | 24 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |81% [https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/profile/VFIAX Vanguard 500 Index Fund (VFIAX)]<br>4% [https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/profile/VIMAX Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund (VIMAX)]<br>15% [https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/profile/VSMAX Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund (VSMAX)] | ||
Updated 27 Dec 2018 | |||
|align="center"| | |align="center"| | ||
{{MStarStylebox|24| | {{MStarStylebox| 24 | 24 | 27 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 2}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |82% [https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/profile/VFIAX Vanguard 500 Index Fund (VFIAX)]<br>18% [https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/profile/VSMAX Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund (VSMAX)] | ||
Updated 27 Dec 2018 | |||
|align="center"| | |align="center"| | ||
{{MStarStylebox|24| | {{MStarStylebox| 24 | 24 | 27 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|83% [https:// | |83% [https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/profile/VFIAX Vanguard 500 Index Fund (VFIAX)]<br>17% [https://www.ishares.com/us/products/239710/ishares-russell-2000-etf iShares Russell 2000 Index (IWM)] | ||
Updated 27 Dec 2018 | |||
|align="center"| | |align="center"| | ||
{{MStarStylebox| | {{MStarStylebox| 24 | 24 | 28 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |83% [https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/profile/VFIAX Vanguard 500 Index Fund (VFIAX)]<br>11% [https://www.ishares.com/us/products/239763/ishares-core-sp-midcap-etf iShares S&P MidCap 400 Index (IJH)]<br>6% [https://www.ishares.com/us/products/239774/ishares-core-sp-smallcap-etf iShares S&P SmallCap 600 Index (IJR)] | ||
Updated 27 Dec 2018 | |||
|align="center"| | |align="center"| | ||
{{MStarStylebox| | {{MStarStylebox| 24 | 24 | 27 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |85% [https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/profile/VFIAX Vanguard 500 Index Fund (VFIAX)]<br>15% [https://personal.vanguard.com/us/funds/snapshot?FundId=0116&FundIntExt=INT Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund Inv (VTMSX)] | ||
Updated 27 Dec 2018 | |||
|align="center"| | |align="center"| | ||
{{MStarStylebox| | {{MStarStylebox| 25 | 25 | 28 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |87% [https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/profile/VLCAX Vanguard Large Cap Index Fund (VLACX)]<br>13% [https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/profile/VSMAX Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund (VSMAX)] | ||
Updated 27 Dec 2018 | |||
|align="center"| | |align="center"| | ||
{{MStarStylebox|25| | {{MStarStylebox| 25 | 24 | 28 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |83% [https://fundresearch.fidelity.com/mutual-funds/analysis/315911750 Fidelity 500 Index Fund (FXAIX)]<br>10% [https://fundresearch.fidelity.com/mutual-funds/summary/316146265 Fidelity Mid Cap Index Fund (FSMDX)]<br>7% [https://fundresearch.fidelity.com/mutual-funds/summary/316146182 Fidelity Small Cap Index Fund (FSSNX)] | ||
Updated 22 May 2020 | |||
|align="center"| | |align="center"| | ||
{{MStarStylebox | {{MStarStylebox| 25 | 27 | 24 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|92% [ | |92% [https://www.ishares.com/us/products/239707/ishares-russell-1000-etf iShares Russell 1000 ETF (IWB)]<br>8% [https://www.ishares.com/us/products/239710/ishares-russell-2000-etf iShares Russell 2000 ETF (IWM)]<ref>See this {{Forum post|p=1571134|title=Re: Follow up questions - total stock market approximation|author=hoppy08520|date=Jan 03, 2013}} for more on combining these two funds to approximate total stock market.</ref> | ||
Updated 27 Dec 2018 | |||
|align="center"| | |align="center"| | ||
{{MStarStylebox|24|24| | {{MStarStylebox| 24 | 24 | 28 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|82% John Hancock 500 Index (JEINX)<br>11% John Hancock Mid Cap Index (JECIX)<br>7% John Hancock Small Cap Index (JESIX)<ref>Calculated in Morningstar X-Ray on Feb. 27, 2013. This combination is likely only of interest to investors with a 401(k) plan held at [[John Hancock Funds]].</ref> | |82% John Hancock 500 Index (JEINX)<br>11% John Hancock Mid Cap Index (JECIX)<br>7% John Hancock Small Cap Index (JESIX)<ref>Calculated in Morningstar X-Ray on Feb. 27, 2013. This combination is likely only of interest to investors with a 401(k) plan held at [[John Hancock Funds]]. As of November 1, 2015, these ticker symbols are no longer available in Morningstar Instant X-Ray.</ref> | ||
|align="center"| | |align="center"| | ||
{{MStarStylebox|24|24|24|6|6|7|3|3|3}} | {{MStarStylebox|24|24|24|6|6|7|3|3|3}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
* These percentages were computed on | * These percentages were computed on Nov 1, 2015, except where otherwise noted. | ||
* The style box numbers were computed by [ | * The style box numbers were computed by [https://www.morningstar.com/instant-x-ray Morningstar Instant XRay] by entering each fund ticker as a holding, and entering the dollar value based on the percentage; for example, for VFIAX at 81% and VEXAX at 19%, enter $81 and $19 respectively and observe the computed Morningstar Style Box on the Instant X-Ray tab. Enter different dollar amounts (always adding up to $100) in a trial and error fashion until you replicate the same computation as Total Stock Market, or as close as you can get. A free (or paid) subscription to Morningstar is required to access Instant Xray. | ||
* Computation was done by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_squares method of least squares] | * Computation was done by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_squares method of least squares] | ||
* Investors contemplating on using an S&P MidCap 400 fund, for example, may consider the example above that uses IJH. However, there may be slight implementation differences between the S&P MidCap 400 fund you have access to and IJH. | * Investors contemplating on using an S&P MidCap 400 fund, for example, may consider the example above that uses IJH. However, there may be slight implementation differences between the S&P MidCap 400 fund you have access to and IJH. | ||
* Two funds may appear to track the same portion of the market (say, mid-cap), but their holdings may differ depending on the indexes they track. | * Two funds may appear to track the same portion of the market (say, mid-cap), but their holdings may differ depending on the indexes they track. | ||
==Notes== | |||
<references group="note"/> | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Thrift_Savings_Plan#Replicating_total_stock_market|Replicating total stock market with the Thrift Savings Plan]] | |||
*[[Approximating total international stock market]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|30em}} | |||
{{US stocks}} | |||
[[Category:Asset allocation]] | [[Category:Asset allocation]] | ||
[[Category:US stocks]] | [[Category:US stocks]] | ||
[[Category:Vanguard]] | [[Category:Vanguard]] |
Revision as of 09:27, 7 February 2021
Approximating total stock market shows how funds can be combined in order to mimic the composition of the U.S. stock market.
Investors wishing to invest in Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund often face a situation where they have to approximate it with the funds available in their employer sponsored plans and quite possibly some other funds available in other accounts such as a Roth IRA.
This page shows a few examples of approximating Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund with funds covering specific parts of the market.
Stock market classifications
Size
Stocks may classified by the size of the corporation. This is most commonly done looking at the market capitalization. Market capitalization is simply a measurement found by taking a stock's current share price and multiplying it by the number of stock shares outstanding.
Exact market cap ranges will vary among different financial and rating institutions, but there are three different terms commonly used to describe stocks by their general size.
- Large capitalization stocks:
Large cap stocks have a market cap over $10 billion.
- Mid capitalization stocks:
Mid cap stocks have a market cap between $2 billion and $10 billion.
- Small capitalization stocks:
Small cap stocks have a market cap between $300 million and $2 billion.
Style
Stocks may also be classified by "style," either value, blend, or growth. Growth stocks are companies that are growing their profits at a very fast rate and are expected to continue to grow at an increasing rate. Value stocks are stocks that tend to trade at deep discount relative to their intrinsic value (as defined by profits, book value etc.). Common investor perceptions tend to perceive growth stocks as "high flying companies" and value stocks as "distressed companies."
Both growth and value stocks have taken turns leading and lagging one another during different markets and economic conditions. [note 1]
Value | Blend | Growth | |
Large Cap | LV | LB | LG |
Mid Cap | MV | MB | MG |
Small Cap | SV | SB | SG |
Examples
These examples use the nine-box stock style box to show weightings that match the composition of the total US stock market.
Funds | Morningstar Style Box | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
100% Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund (VTSAX)
Updated 22 May 2020 |
| |||||||||||||||
100% iShares Core S&P Total U.S. Stock Market ETF (ITOT)
Updated 17 Jan 2020 |
| |||||||||||||||
100% Schwab U.S. Broad Market ETF (SCHB)
Updated 17 Jan 2020 |
| |||||||||||||||
84% Vanguard 500 Index Fund (VFIAX) 16% Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund (VEXAX) Updated 17 Jan 2020 |
| |||||||||||||||
81% Vanguard 500 Index Fund (VFIAX) 4% Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund (VIMAX) 15% Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund (VSMAX) Updated 27 Dec 2018 |
| |||||||||||||||
82% Vanguard 500 Index Fund (VFIAX) 18% Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund (VSMAX) Updated 27 Dec 2018 |
| |||||||||||||||
83% Vanguard 500 Index Fund (VFIAX) 17% iShares Russell 2000 Index (IWM) Updated 27 Dec 2018 |
| |||||||||||||||
83% Vanguard 500 Index Fund (VFIAX) 11% iShares S&P MidCap 400 Index (IJH) 6% iShares S&P SmallCap 600 Index (IJR) Updated 27 Dec 2018 |
| |||||||||||||||
85% Vanguard 500 Index Fund (VFIAX) 15% Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund Inv (VTMSX) Updated 27 Dec 2018 |
| |||||||||||||||
87% Vanguard Large Cap Index Fund (VLACX) 13% Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund (VSMAX) Updated 27 Dec 2018 |
| |||||||||||||||
83% Fidelity 500 Index Fund (FXAIX) 10% Fidelity Mid Cap Index Fund (FSMDX) 7% Fidelity Small Cap Index Fund (FSSNX) Updated 22 May 2020 |
| |||||||||||||||
92% iShares Russell 1000 ETF (IWB) 8% iShares Russell 2000 ETF (IWM)[1] Updated 27 Dec 2018 |
| |||||||||||||||
82% John Hancock 500 Index (JEINX) 11% John Hancock Mid Cap Index (JECIX) 7% John Hancock Small Cap Index (JESIX)[2] |
|
- These percentages were computed on Nov 1, 2015, except where otherwise noted.
- The style box numbers were computed by Morningstar Instant XRay by entering each fund ticker as a holding, and entering the dollar value based on the percentage; for example, for VFIAX at 81% and VEXAX at 19%, enter $81 and $19 respectively and observe the computed Morningstar Style Box on the Instant X-Ray tab. Enter different dollar amounts (always adding up to $100) in a trial and error fashion until you replicate the same computation as Total Stock Market, or as close as you can get. A free (or paid) subscription to Morningstar is required to access Instant Xray.
- Computation was done by the method of least squares
- Investors contemplating on using an S&P MidCap 400 fund, for example, may consider the example above that uses IJH. However, there may be slight implementation differences between the S&P MidCap 400 fund you have access to and IJH.
- Two funds may appear to track the same portion of the market (say, mid-cap), but their holdings may differ depending on the indexes they track.
Notes
- ↑ On the Callan periodic table of investment returns, that visualizes the performance of the different asset classes, one can see the alternating performance of the growth and value stocks.
See also
- Replicating total stock market with the Thrift Savings Plan
- Approximating total international stock market
References
- ↑ See this Bogleheads forum post: "Re: Follow up questions - total stock market approximation", hoppy08520. Jan 03, 2013 for more on combining these two funds to approximate total stock market.
- ↑ Calculated in Morningstar X-Ray on Feb. 27, 2013. This combination is likely only of interest to investors with a 401(k) plan held at John Hancock Funds. As of November 1, 2015, these ticker symbols are no longer available in Morningstar Instant X-Ray.